RMAN命令
1、独立命令 RMAN>shutdown immediate RMAN>startup RMAN>backup format 'd:\backup\%d_%s.bak' tablespace users;2、作业命令 RMAN>run { backup format 'd:\backup\$d_%s.bak' tablespace users; }3、运行SQL命令 RMAN>sql 'alter system switch logfile' ;4、运行存储脚本 RMAN>run { execute script s1;}5、运行操作系统命令 RMAN>run { host "dir d:\backup"; }6、运行RMAN命令 c:\rman target sys/oracle@TEST nocatalog @c:\bak_users.cmd log a.log bak_users.cmd示例: backup format 'd:\backup\%d_%s.bak tablespace users; sql 'alter system archive log current' ; 配置RMAN环境(略) 建立备份集 1、完全数据库备份集 1）、一致性备份（适用于NOARCHIVELOG和ARCHIVELOG模式） c:\rman target sys/oracle@TEST nocatalog RMAN>shutdown immediate RMAN>startup mout RMAN>backup database; 如果备份到别的目录backup database format ='d:\backup\%d_%s.dbf' ; RMAN>sql 'alter system archive log current ' ; 2)、非一致性备份（在OPEN状态） RMAN>backup database; 如果备份到别的目录backup database format ='d:\backup\%d_%s.dbf' ; RMAN>sql 'alter system archive log current ' ; 3）、免除表空间 RMAN>configure exclude for tablespace user03; RMAN>backup database; 如果备份到别的目录backup database format ='d:\backup\%d_%s.dbf' ; RMAN>sql 'alter system archive log current ' ; 2、表空间备份集 RMAN>backup tablespace users format='d:\backup\%N_%f_%s.dbf' ;3、数据文件备份集 RMAN>backup datafile 5 format='d:\backup\%N_%f_%s.dbf' ;4、控制文件备份集 RMAN>backup current controlfile format='d:\backup\%d_%s.ctl' ;5、SPFILE备份集 RMAN>backup spfile format='c:\%d_%s.par';6、归档日志备份集(过去一天所生成的归档日志) RMAN>backup format='c:\%d_%s.arc' archivelog from time='sysdate-1' until time='sysdate'; 7、并行化备份集 RMAN>configure device type disk parallelism 3 ; RMAN>backup database format='c:\%d_%s.dbf'; RMAN>configure device type disk clear;8、建立多重备份 RMAN>backup copied 3 tablespace users format='c:\1\%N_%s.dbf','c:\2\%N_%s.dbf','c:\3\%N_%s.dbf' ; 9、备份备份集 RMAN>backup backupset 32 format='c:\%d_%s.bak';10、建立多个备份片 RMAN>configure channel device type sbt maxpiecesize 4G; RMAN>backup device type sbt format '%d_%s_%p.dbf' database;11、建立压缩备份集 RMAN>backup as compressed backupset tablespace users format='c:\%d_%s.dbf'; 12、备份数据文件和归档日志 RMAN>backup format 'c:\%d_%s.bak' tablespace users plus archivelog ; 13、指定备份集标记 RMAN>backup format='c:\%d_%s.bak' tablespace users tag='users' ; 建立映像副本 1、建立数据文件映像副本 RMAN>backup as copy format='c:\df_5.dbf' datafile 5; 或者 RMAN>copy datafile 5 to 'c:\df_5.dbf' ;2、建立控制文件映像副本 RMAN>backup as copy format='c:\demo.ctl' current controlfile; 或者 RMAN>copy current controlfile to 'c:\demo.ctl';3、建立归档日志映像副本 RMAN>backup as copy format='c:\arc10.log' archivelog sequence 10; 或者 RMAN>copy archivelog 'c:\demo\archive\arc00020_012345.001' to 'c:\arc20.log';4、并行化建立映像副本 RMAN>configure device type disk parallelism 3; RMAN>backup as copy format ='c:\df_%f.dbf' datafile 5,6,7 ; RMAN>configure device type disk clear;5、指定映像副本标记 RMAN>backup as copy format='c:\df_%f.dbf' datafile 5 tag=df_5; 或者 RMAN>copy datafile 5 to 'c:\df_%f.dbf' tag=df_5; 建立增量备份和累积备份 增量备份可以减少备份时间，累积备份可以减少恢复时间。增量备份示例：周日 LEVEL 0 ，周一、周二、周四、、周五、周六 LEVEL 2 ，周三 LEVEL 1 RMAN>backup incremental level 0 format='c:\backup\%d_%s.dbf' tablespace users; 周日 RMAN>backup incremental level 2 format='c:\backup\%d_%s.dbf' tablespace users; 周一 RMAN>backup incremental level 2 format='c:\backup\%d_%s.dbf' tablespace users; 周二 RMAN>backup incremental level 1 format='c:\backup\%d_%s.dbf' tablespace users; 周三 RMAN>backup incremental level 2 format='c:\backup\%d_%s.dbf' tablespace users; 周四 RMAN>backup incremental level 2 format='c:\backup\%d_%s.dbf' tablespace users; 周五 RMAN>backup incremental level 2 format='c:\backup\%d_%s.dbf' tablespace users; 周六RMAN完全恢复 1、恢复数据库 1）、所有数据文件被删除 c:\rman target sys/oracel@test nocatalog RMAN>startup force mount RMAN> run { restore databse ; recover database; sql 'alter database open' ; } 2)、数据文件所在磁盘出现硬件故障 RMAN> run { startup force mount; set newname for datafile 1 to 'c:\demo\system01.dbf'; set newname for datafile 2 to 'c:\demo\dundotbs01.dbf'; set newname for datafile 3 to 'c:\demo\sysaux01.dbf'; set newname for datafile 4 to 'c:\demo\users01.dbf'; set newname for datafile 5 to 'c:\demo\example01.dbf'; set newname for datafile 6 to 'c:\demo\test0.dbf'; restore database; switch datafile all; recover database; sql 'alter database open '; } 2、恢复SYSTEM表空间的数据文件 1）、SYSTEM表空间的数据文件被误删除 RMAN>run { startup force mount; restore datafile 1; recover datafile 1; sql 'alter database open' ; } 2)、SYSTEM表空间数据文件所在的磁盘出现故障 RMAN> run { startup force mount; set newname for datafile 1 to 'c:\demo\system01.dbf'; restore datafile 1; switch datafile 1; recover datafile 1; sql 'alter database open'; } 3、在OPEN状态下恢复关闭后意外丢失数据文件 1）、数据文件被删除 RMAN>run { startup force mount; sql 'alter database datafile 4 offline'; sql 'alter database open '; restore datafile 4; recover datafile 4; sql 'alter database datafile 4 online'; } 2)、数据文件所在的磁盘出现损坏 RMAN>run { startup force mount; sql 'alter database datafile 4 offline'; sql 'alter database open '; set newname for datafile 4 to 'c:\demo\user01.dbf'; restore datafile 4; switch datafile 4; recover datafile 4; sql 'alter database datafile 4 online'; } 4、在OPEN状态下恢复打开时意外丢失的数据文件 1）、数据文件被误删除 RMAN>run { sql 'alter database datafile 4 offline'; restore datafile 4; recover datafile 4; sql 'alter database datafile 4 online'; } 2)、数据文件所在磁盘出现故障 RMAN>run { sql 'alter database datafile 4 offline'; set newname for datafile 4 to 'c:\demo\user01.dbf'; restore datafile 4; switch datafile 4 ; recover datafile 4; sql 'alter database datafile 4 online'; } 5、在OPEN状态下恢复未备份的数据文件（创造新数据文件后没有进行过备份） 1）、数据文件被误 RMAN>run { startup force mount; sql 'alter database datafile 7 offline '; sql 'alter database open'; restore datafile 7; recover datafile 7; sql 'alter database datafile 7 online'; } 2)、数据文件所在磁盘出现故障 RMAN>run { startup force mount; sql 'alter database datafile 7 offline '; sql 'alter database open'; set newname for datafile 7 to 'c:\demo\user04.dbf'; restore datafile 7; switch datafile 7; recover datafile 7; sql 'alter database datafile 7 online'; } 6、恢复表空间 1）、表空间被删除 RMAN>run { sql 'alter tablespace users offline for recover'; restore tablespace users; recover tablespace users; sql 'alter tablespace users online'; } 2)、表空间的数据文件所在磁盘出现故障 RMAN>run { sql 'alter tablespace users offline for recover'; set newname for datafile 4 to 'c:\demo\user01.dbf'; restore tablespace users; switch tablespace users; recover tablespace users; sql 'alter tablespace users online'; } 7、数据块介质恢复 RMAN>blockrecover device type disk datafile 5 block 20,21,100 ; RMAN不完全恢复 1、基本时间恢复 c:\set nls_date_format=yyyy-dd-mm hh24:mi:ss c:\rman target sys/oracle@test nocatalog RMAN>run { startup force mount; set until time='2010-08-22 12:00:08'; restore database; recover database; sql 'alter database open resetlogs; } 2、基于SCN恢复 RMAN>run { startup force mount; set until scn=123456; restore database; recover database; sql 'alter database open resetlogs'; } 3、基于日志序列号恢复 RMAN>run { startup force mount; set until seqence=10; restore database; recover database; sql 'alter database open resetlogs'; } 4、基于备份控制文件恢复 c:\set nls_date_format=yyyy-dd-mm hh24:mi:ss c:\rman target sys/oracle@test nocatalog RMAN>startup force nomount; RMAN>set dbid=1113606269; RMAN>restore controlfile from autobackup maxseq 6; RMAN>alter database mount; RMAN>run { set until time='2010-08-22 12:00:08'; restore database; recover database; sql 'alter database open resetlogs; } 当执行了上述4种不完全恢复之后，建议删除早期的所有备份，并重新备份数据库 RMAN>run { delete noprompt backup; delete noprompt copy; backup database format='c:\backup\%d_%s.bak'; sql 'alter system archive log current'; } RMAN维护命令 REPORT 1、报告目标数据库的物理结构 RMAN>report schema;2、报告需要备份的数据文件 1)、报告需要转储的增量备份超出特定个数的数据文件 RMAN> report need backup incremental 3; 2)、报告特定天数未备份的数据文件 RMAN>report need backup days 3 tablespace users ; 3)、报告低于特定备份次数的数据文件 RMAN> report need backup redundancy 2 database ; 4)、报告在恢复时间窗口内未备份的数据文件 RMAN> report need backup recovery window of 3 days ;3、报告陈旧备份 RMAN>report obsolete redundancy 2; 4、报告不可恢复的数据文件 RMAN>report unrecoverable; LIST 1、列出数据文件备份集 RMAN>list backup of database ; RMAN>list backup of tablespace users; RMAN>list backup of datafile 4;2、列出控制文件备份集 RMAN>list backup of controlfile ;3、列出归档日志备份集
RMAN>list backup of archivelog all; 4、列出SPFILE备份集 RMAN>list backup of spfile ; 5、列出数据文件映像副本 RMAN>list copy of database; RMAN>list copy of tablespace users; RMAN>list copy of datafile 4;6、列出控制文件映像副本 RMAN>list copy of controlfile;7、列出归档日志映像副本 RMAN>list copy of archivelog all;8、列出数据库副本 RMAN>list incarnation of database ; 注意，每次用RESETLOGS选项打开数据库之后都会生成一个新的数据库副本。9、列出备份集文件的信息 RMAN>list backupset 100; CROSSCHECK 1、核对所有备份集 RMAN>crosscheck backup;2、核对所有数据文件的备份集 RMAN>crosscheck backup of database ;3、核对特定表空间的备 RMAN>crosscheck backup of tablespace system;4、核对特定数据文件的备份集 RMAN>crosscheck backup of datafile 1; 5、核对控制文件的备份集 RMAN>crosscheck backup of controlfile ; 6、核对SPFILE的备份集 RMAN> crosscheck backup of spfile;7、核对归档日志的备份集 RMAN> crosscheck backup of archivelog sequence 40; 8、核对所有映像副本 RMAN> crosscheck copy ;9、核对所有数据文件的映像副本 RMAN> crosscheck copy of database;10、核对特定表空间的映像副本 RMAN> crosscheck copy of tablespace users;11、核对特定数据文件的映像副本 RMAN> crosscheck copy of datafile 1;12、核对控制文件的映像副本 RMAN> crosscheck copy of controlfile;13、核对归档日志的映像副本 RMAN> crosscheck copy of archivelog sequence 44; DELETE 1、删除陈旧备份 delete obsolete; #提示 delete noprompt obsolete; #不提示2、删除EXPIRED备份集 delete noprompt expired backup;3、删除EXPIRED副本 delete noprompt expired copy ; 4、删除特定备份集 delete noprompt backupset 19;5、删除特定备份片 delete noprompt backuppiece 'c:\test\demo1.bak';6、删除所有备份集 delete noprompt backup ; 或者 delete noprompt backupset; 7、删除特定映像副本 delete noprompt datafilecopy 'c:\test\demo.bak'; 删除数据文件 delete noprompt controlfilecopy 'c:\test\controlfile_bak.ctl'; 删除控制文件 delete noprompt archivelog 'c:\test\arc.bak'; 删除归档日志8、删除所有映像副本 delete noprompt copy;9、在备份后删除输入对象 backup archivelog all delete input ; backup backupset 22 format='c:\test\%u.bak' delete input ; CHANGE 1、改变备份集状态 change backupset 22 unavailable;2、改变映像副本状态 change datafilecopy 'c:\demo.bak' unavailable ; change controlfilecopy 'c:\demo.bak' unavailable ; change archivelog 'c:\demo.bak' unavailable ;3、建立长期备份 change backupset 100 keep forver logs; 使备份集100永久保留 change backupset 100 keep until time 'sysdate+60' logs; 使备份集100保留60天 change backupset 156 nokeep ; 免除备份集100的保留期限 CATALOG 1、注册副本 catalog datafilecopy 'c:\user01.bak'; 2、注册备份片 catalog backuppiece 'c:\demo_10.dbf' ; 3、注册特定目录的所有备份文件 catalog start with 'c:\bak'; 4、注销备份记录 change datafilecopy 'c:\user01.bak' uncatalog; change controlfilecopy 'c:\demo.ctl' uncatalog; change backuppiece 'c:\demo_10.bak' uncatalog;恢复目录管理 建立恢复目录 1、建立恢复目录表空间 SQL> create tablespace rman_ts 2 datafile 'D:\oracle\product\10.1.0\db_1\train\rman.dbf' 3 size 15m ; 表空间已创建。 2、建立恢复目录所有者 SQL> create user rman identified by rman 2 default tablespace rman_ts;用户已创建。
3、授予恢复目录所有者角色 SQL> grant connect,resource,recovery_catalog_owner to rman; 授权成功。4、建立恢复目录 c:\rman catalog rman/rman@train RMAN>create catalog;5、注册目标数据库 RMAN>connect target sys/oracle@train RMAN>register database; RMAN>report schema; 使用存储脚本1、建立存储脚本 C:\>rman catalog rman/rman@train target sys/dddddd@train RMAN>create script bak_database { backup format='c:\temp\%d_%s.bak' database include current controlfile plus archivelog; sql 'alter system archive log current' ; }2、运行脚本 (1)、在RMAN提示符下运行存储脚本 RMAN>run { execute script bak_database; } (2)、在命令行运行存储脚本 c:\rman catalog rman/rman@train target sys/dddddd@train script bak_database3、显示存储脚本内容 RMAN>print script bak_database;4、替换存储脚本 RMAN>replace script bak_database { backup database format='c:\temp\%d_%s.bak'; }5、删除存储脚本 RMAN>delete script bak_database;6、列出所有存储脚本 RMAN>list script names;维护恢复目录
1、重新同步恢复目录 RMAN> resync catalog;2、注销目标数据库 RMAN>unregister database; 当注销了目标数据库之后，会丢失早于controlfile_record_keep_time设置时间的RMAN资料库记录。3、升级恢复目录 C:\>rman catalog rman/rman@train target sys/dddddd@train RMAN> upgrade catalog; RMAN> upgrade catalog;4、删除恢复目录 C:\>rman catalog rman/rman@train target sys/dddddd@train RMAN> drop catalog ; RMAN> drop catalog ;5、恢复数据库到早期数据库副本